Meta Analysis of the Effect of School-Based Sexual Education on the Risk of Pregnancy and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Adolescents

Abstract

Background: Adolescent behavior is current­ly worrying, many adolescents have risky sexual behavior that can lead to pregnancy and HIV. School-based sexual education is given to adolescents to provide knowledge, understand­ing and prevention of sexual and reproductive health, including pregnancy and HIV among adolescents. The purpose of this study was to estimate the effect of school-based sexual education on the risk of pregnancy and HIV in adolescents based on the results of previous studies. Subjects and Method: This study is a syste­matic and meta-analysis study. Article is ana­lyzed by using a randomized controlled trial study design. Several databases were used, including PubMed, Science Direct, BMJ and Google Scholar. The keywords for the article search were “school-based sexual education” OR “school-based sex education” AND “human immunodeficiency virus” AND “unwanted pregnancy” OR “unintended pregnancy” AND adolescent AND “randomized controlled trial”. This study is a full-text article with a rando­mized-controlled trial design. Articles were collected using PRISMA Flow diagrams. Articles that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application. Results: There were 12 articles that fulfilled the criteria for a meta-analysis with 9 studies which showed the effect of school-based sexual education on increasing pregnancy prevention behavior by 1.04 times higher compared to non-school based sexual education (RR = 1.04; 95% CI= 0.95 to 1.13; p= 0.42) and 7 studies showed the effect of school-based sexual education on increasing HIV prevention beha­vior by 1.02 times higher compared to non-school based sexual education (RR= 1.02; 95% CI= 0.94 to 11; p=0.60). Conclusion: School-based sexual education affected the behavior of preventing pregnancy and HIV among adolescents. Keywords: School-based sexual education, pregnancy, HIV, adolescents. Correspondence: Jatu Kartika Akmala. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: jatu.kartika@student.uns.ac.id. Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2021), 06(01): 67-79 https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2021.06.01.07