Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze studies in Turkey about self-breast examination and produce conclusive, reliable and detailed basis for future studies. Studies performed between 2000 and 2009 (until the end of September) were retrieved from databases using breast cancer, breast examination, breast cancer screening and risk factors as key words. Fifty-nine studies were identified and 18 of them (15 journal articles and three theses) were used for the meta-analysis t. Married women and women with a family history of breast cancer were found to perform self-breast examination more frequently than single women and women without a family history of breast cancer, respectively (OR=1.02 %CI 0.82-1.63; OR=1.16 %CI 0.82-1.63). According to the health belief model scales, women performing self-breast examination were determined to have 1.7 times higher susceptibility (OR=1.70), 1.34 times higher seriousness perception (OR=1.34), 3.32 times higher health motivation (OR=3.32), 5.21 times more self-efficacy/confidence (OR=5.21) and 2.56 times higher self-breast examination benefit perception (OR=2.56). Nursing care models caused an increase in self-breast examination by women, and thus, it may be useful to organize and evaluate such health-related programs and consider women health perceptions.
Highlights
Breast cancer is a serious and global health problem that threatens women health
Certain methods like clinical breast examination, breast self-examination (BSE) and mammography has been defined as activities facilitating the early diagnosis and improving health and they are accepted as golden standards for early diagnosis of breast cancer (Avcı et al, 2008b; Gerçek et al, 2008; Ertem and Koçer 2009; Gürsoy et al, 2009)
BSE and family history of breast cancer in line with metaanalysis procedures were used for meta-analysis in the present study and comparisons were made
Summary
Breast cancer is a serious and global health problem that threatens women health. Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer related deaths in females worldwide, accounting for 23% (1.38 million) of the total cancer cases and 14% (458,400) of the total cancer deaths in 2008 (Globocan, 2008; Jemal et al, 2011). According to The United States Cancer Statistics, around 230,480 women receive new diagnosis of breast cancer every year in America, and approximately 39,520 people die from this disease (United States Cancer Statistics, 2012). Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer seen in women in Turkey and its incidence rate is 35.47/100000 (Turkey Cancer Statistics, 2005). Diagnosis is the most effective method to reduce morbidity and mortality in breast cancer. Certain methods like clinical breast examination, breast self-examination (BSE) and mammography has been defined as activities facilitating the early diagnosis and improving health and they are accepted as golden standards for early diagnosis of breast cancer (Avcı et al, 2008b; Gerçek et al, 2008; Ertem and Koçer 2009; Gürsoy et al, 2009)
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