Abstract
Behavioral Parent Training (BPT) traditionally occurs in face-to-face (FTF BPT). Recently, Behavioral Intervention Technology (BIT) has been developed to deliver BPT in lieu of or as an adjunct to FTF BPT using websites, computer software, smartphone applications, podcasts, pre-recorded sessions, and teletherapy. The present meta-analysis reviews BIT BPT randomized control and comparison studies to determine the overall efficacy of BITs, if the level of human support significantly effects BIT BPT treatment outcomes, and which populations BIT BPT are effective for, by analyzing the following study variables: socioeconomic status, race, and clinical population. The analyses indicated that, overall, BIT BPT is an effective treatment (g = 0.62), and did not indicate a significant difference between levels of human support (χ2 (3) = 4.94, p = 0.18). Analysis did indicate a significant difference between studies that used waitlist or education control groups, compared to studies that used active treatment controls (χ2 (1) = 12.90, p = 0.00). The analyses did not indicate a significant difference between clinical population, low socioeconomic status, and racial minority studies. These findings provide preliminary evidence that BIT BPT is effective for treating child and adolescent externalizing behavior in a variety of populations.
Highlights
Consistent with the moderation analyses conducted for all studies, there were no significant differences between levels of human support for Behavioral Intervention Technology (BIT) Behavioral Parent Training (BPT) effect size
Consistent with the moderation analyses conducted for all studies, there were no significant differences between levels of human support for BIT BPT effect size, racial minority, low SES, and clinical study status did not affect the significance of difference between BIT BPT and active control (p > 0.05)
While results indicate that BIT BPT may be effective for individuals in low SES or racial minority groups, there need to be rigorous empirical evaluations that address treatment for externalizing behavior disorders in underserved populations and in countries with different cultures
Summary
Behavioral disorders are one of the most common reasons youth are referred to psychotherapy (Egger and Angold 2006; Zisser and Eyberg 2010) and account 19.1% of psychological disorders in youth, making it one of the most common youth psychological disorders (Comer et al 2013; Merikangas et al 2010). These behaviors tend to occur in adolescence (Fuentes et al 2020) and may continue into young adulthood (Steinberg 2007).
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