Abstract
Abstract Increasing nitrogen use efficiency by optimizing field management practices is necessary to promote intensive and sustainable development of winter wheat production. The objective of this study was to comprehensively assess the changes of nitrogen use efficiency induced by field management practices, and to identify the suitable combination of strategies for winter wheat management in the North China Plain. For this, a meta-analysis was conducted with 977 comparisons from 106 publications. The results showed that the nitrogen partial factor productivity of winter wheat is inconsistent in response to different agricultural practices. Nitrogen input and irrigation significantly increased the nitrogen partial factor productivity by 132.75% and 24.01% (P 240 mm, one irrigation or (2) optimum nitrogen with less water, nitrogen application 150–180 kg N ha−1, irrigation amount 80–160 mm, two irrigations. Both of these conditions could enhance the nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat. According to our study, the pursuit of optimized field management practices must include a closer evaluation of the changes in nitrogen use efficiency, as well as other nutrients.
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