Meta-analysis of association between Just-in-Time system and firm performance: moderating effects of National Culture differences

Abstract

PurposeThe effectiveness of the Just-in-Time (JIT) production system in non-Japanese contexts is a topic of diverse findings. This study conducts a meta-analysis of empirical research on JIT and its relationship with performance, focusing on studies published since 1995. Additionally, it examines the moderating influence of National Culture (NC) values on JIT outcomes.Design/methodology/approachA total of 59 empirical studies with 211 effects and 17,008 observations from 18 countries are meta-analyzed. A meta-regression using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) is performed to explore how four dimensions of National Culture (NC) moderate the impact. (viz. institutional collectivism, uncertainty avoidance future orientation, and power distance,) based on the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE) culture model.FindingsThe meta-analysis results show that improved production efficiency, product quality and reduced wastes achieved through JIT deployments translate into the overall performance of organizations. The meta-regression results shed light on how local cultures influence the effectiveness of JIT across different countries.Originality/valueThe findings of meta-analysis have implications for multinational manufacturers in realizing efficacy of JIT. The research adds to the international operations management literature by examining how NC values influence strategies and decisions in operations management.