Abstract
Mesothelioma is an insidious neoplasm that arises from the mesothelial surfaces of the pleural cavities. The predominant cause of malignant mesothelioma is exposure to asbestos through inhalation. The diagnosis of malignant pleural mesothelioma is established by morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of a cytological or surgical specimen. The initial evaluation is accompanied by contrast-enhanced chest CT, thoracentesis of the existing pleural effusion, and positron emission tomography (PET) in the evaluation of mediastinal lymph nodes. In cases of localized disease, surgery is combined with radiation therapy to improve local control of the disease and chemotherapy to reduce the risk of local recurrence and systemic metastases. Combination chemotherapy according to the cisplatin-pemetrexed regimen has become the most widely used regimen in patients with unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma.
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