Abstract
Wind profiling radars measure Very High Frequency (VHF) or Ultra High Frequency (UHF) radiation scattered by the clear atmosphere from around 70m to 20km altitude in the stratosphere and troposphere, and from 70 to 90km in the mesosphere. They typically produce vertical profiles through a combination of measurements at a number of zenith angles close to the vertical, and a range of azimuth angles. The scattering mechanisms include turbulence, Fresnel scattering and scattering from free electrons; UHF radiation is also strongly scattered by precipitation. Wind profiles are typically measured with a vertical resolution of 75–300m every 15–30min, with accuracy 1–2ms−1. The signal power and spectral width of the radar echoes contain information on atmospheric layers and turbulence respectively. Mesosphere-Stratosphere-Troposphere (MST) and Stratosphere-Troposphere (ST) radars operating at VHF, and Boundary Layer Wind Profilers operating at UHF, are used in networks and in conjunction with other instruments for both operational forecasting and research.
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