Abstract
AbstractAnalysis of detailed tethered balloon soundings simultaneously undertaken at two sites in a valley shows that blocked (i.e. near stagnant) flow upwind of the ridges is characterized by a critical internal Froude number, Fr = uaH−1(gγa/θr)−1/2 of approximately 1.6. For Fr above this value the air in the valley is swept out by ambient wind. Otherwise blocking to near ridge height is observed. Here ua is ambient wind speed measured above ridge height H, g is acceleration due to gravity, θr a reference potential virtual temperature and γa the ambient vertical gradient of this quantity.
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