Abstract
AbstractThe aim of this study is to explore the kidney-targeting capability of mesoscale nanoparticles (MNPs)-emodin (Em-MNPs) and its potential antifibrosis in the animal model. First, MNPs and Em-MNPs were synthesized via nanoprecipitation method, and their diameters were both ∼400 nm with the uniform size. The entrapment efficiency of MNPs was 45.1% when adding emodin at the concentration of 12 mg/mL. Moreover, cytotoxicity assay showed that Em-MNPs presented excellent biocompatibility in rat proximal tubular cells. Cellular uptake assay demonstrated that Em-MNPs had high-efficiency uptake, especially in the cytoplasm. Ex vivo organ fluorescence imaging revealed that Em-MNPs possessed specific kidney-targeting ability with relative long retention time in the kidney (∼24 h). In the renal unilateral ureteral obstruction model, Em-MNPs treatment could significantly alleviate kidney tubule injury and reduce extracellular matrix deposition compared with free MNPs. Herein, Em-MNPs with specific kidney-targeting and preferable antifibrosis effects in animal model may pave an avenue for treating renal diseases.
Highlights
Multifunctional nanomaterials have been widely studied in the biomedical field because of their unique and adjustable physicochemical properties [1]
Before hydrodynamic diameter (HD) of Em-mesoscale nanoparticles (MNPs) was determined, the phosphate buffered solution (PBS) and saline dispersions of Em-MNPs were diluted with 2 mL water, and the Fetal bovine serum (FBS) dispersions of Em-MNPs were centrifuged (6,600 rpm, 15 min) to remove FBS, and 2 mL water was added for dispersion
The structures of PLGA-b-mPEG and the encapsulation of Em were confirmed by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and UV-vis spectra
Summary
Multifunctional nanomaterials have been widely studied in the biomedical field because of their unique and adjustable physicochemical properties [1] Researches focused on their application in biosensor, bioimaging and diagnosis, drug delivery, and disease treatment, and tissue regeneration engineering have attracted widespread attention [2–5]. (emodin and triptolide) that were verified have been useful in treating chronic kidney fibrosis [10–12] They have some disadvantages such as low aqueous solubility, low kidney targeting, and short retention that may limit their application [13]. Qiao et al synthesized catecholderived chitosan complex (HCA-Chi) to improve the water solubility and renal-targeting ability of emodin and to further alleviate chronic kidney injury, which was an effective way to increase the effects of Chinese herbs [16]. Em-MNPs with good biocompatibility, kidney-targeting ability, and high uptake efficiency of kidney cells were synthesized for further pharmacodynamics study. We revealed that Em-MNPs had good therapeutic effects in the renal fibrosis animal model
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