Abstract
Mesostructured zeolitic materials (MZMs) with relatively high acidity in comparison with the mesoporous siliceous MCM-41 were prepared via an efficient, mild, and simple post-synthetic treatment of Y zeolite facilitated by microwave irradiation, i.e., microwave-assisted chelation (MWAC). The disordered mesoporous aluminosilicates materials (DMASs) of MZM were created from Y zeolite in the absence of using mesoscale templates. The prepared DMASs showed the good mesoporous features with the mesopore area and volume of ~260 m2 g−1 and ~0.37 cm3 g−1, respectively, and with the mesopore sizes distributed in a range of 2–10 nm. MZMs possess a total acidity of about 0.6 mmol g−1 and exhibited comparatively superior catalytic activity to the parent Y zeolite and MCM-41 in the vapor phase catalytic dealkylation of 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene (TiPBz) and liquid phase catalytic aldol condensation of benzaldehyde with 1-heptanal. Although the yield loss was inevitable for preparing MZMs using the MWAC method, the preliminary economic analysis of the preparation cost of MZMs showed the promise. Additionally, a comprehensive comparison of the state-of-the-art mesoporous materials concerning their sustainable aspects was made, showing that MZMs are promising mesoporous materials for further development and functionalization for catalysis.
Highlights
Mesoporous materials are an important class of porous materials with a wide range of proposed applications in catalysis, environmental remediation, biomedical application, energy storage, and functional devices (Davis, 2002; Sen et al, 2004; Vallet-Regi et al, 2007; Chal et al, 2011; Wang et al, 2016; Fan and Jiao, 2020a)
The key advantages of Mesostructured zeolitic materials (MZMs) by the microwave-assisted chelation (MWAC) method can be identified, such as the relative high-acidity, low-toxicity, time- and energy-efficiency, and low-cost (N.B. the preliminary analysis did not include the relevant energy consumption for making the parent Y zeolite used for the post-treatment)
NH3-TPD measurement of MZMs showed the presence of acidities, resulting in the improved activity in catalytic cracking of TiPBz with a high yet stable conversion of ≥97%
Summary
Mesoporous materials are an important class of porous materials with a wide range of proposed applications in catalysis ( as the additives for petrochemical conversions, especially large hydrocarbons), environmental remediation (e.g., adsorbents), biomedical application (e.g., drug delivery), energy storage, and functional devices (e.g., sensors) (Davis, 2002; Sen et al, 2004; Vallet-Regi et al, 2007; Chal et al, 2011; Wang et al, 2016; Fan and Jiao, 2020a). The well-structured mesoporosity is valuable to improve the accessibility and molecular diffusion within the framework, the amorphous nature of mesoporous silica frameworks makes them, generally, hydrothermally less stable compared to the crystalline microporous zeolites They are commonly siliceous, being less effective than aluminosilicate zeolites for the solid acid catalyzed reactions (Perego and Millini, 2013; Prasomsri et al, 2015). The ordered/disordered mesoporous aluminosilicates prepared by the strategies discussed above exhibited acidity and improved hydrothermal stability to various extents, the synthesis procedures are generally time-consuming and are potentially not economical, sustainable, or environmentally friendly, concerning the use of templates. Product identification was described elsewhere (Zhang et al, 2019)
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