Abstract
Abstract Mesoporous activated carbon MCGL-4 was tailored for simultaneous enhancement of adsorption and bio-degradation by multistage depth-activation (MDA). Synergistic efficacy of synchronous adsorption and bio-degradation was evaluated in pilot-scale bio-enhanced activated carbon (BEAC) system. Results identified that MCGL-4 obtains synchronously well-developed meso- (0.7605 cm3/g), micro- (0.2655 cm3/g) and macro-porous (0.143 cm3/g) structures. Higher volume during 20.4–208.2 Å (0.6848 cm3/g) ensured higher adsorption capacities for natural organic matters (NOM). The initial immobilized biomass and stabilities on MCGL-4 were also significantly promoted. Rapid small-scale column tests system (RSSCTs) tests showed that adsorption capacities for humic-like organics were 67,725.32 mg·DOC/(kg·carbon) at 39.50 m3·H2O/(kg·carbon). In BEAC system, MCGL-4 achieved higher removal efficiency for fulvic acid, humic acid and aromatic organic matters than commercial carbons. At 39.50 m3·H2O/(kg·carbon), cumulative uptake of organic-pollutants achieved by MCGL-4 was 94,850.51 mg·DOC/(kg·carbon). The proportion occupied by bio-degradation were 31,674.70 mg·DOC/(kg·carbon). It also confirmed that bio-degradation ability was much higher than commercial carbons after mesoporous structures regulation by MDA process.
Highlights
Advanced water treatment using activated carbon has been applied worldwide because of the high efficiency and economic performance, such as carbon adsorption (Li et al ; Gong et al ), ozone-biological activated carbon (O3-BAC) (Gao et al ) and bio-enhanced activated carbon (BEAC) (Zhang et al ; Al-Amrani et al )
ΔB-SX-10 was lower than δB-ZJ15 during KBV ranges of 10–24 m3·H2O/, it may be attributed to higher adsorption efficiency for Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) by carbon SX-10
Bio-degradation in B-MCGL-4 accounted for the highest percentages in DOC removal than
Summary
Advanced water treatment using activated carbon has been applied worldwide because of the high efficiency and economic performance, such as carbon adsorption (Li et al ; Gong et al ), ozone-biological activated carbon (O3-BAC) (Gao et al ) and bio-enhanced activated carbon (BEAC) (Zhang et al ; Al-Amrani et al ). The use of BEAC/BAC for removing natural organic matters and toxic xenobiotics is advisable as the final stage of water purification (Smolin et al ). High adsorption capacities for natural organic matter (NOM) and trace organic-pollutants (TrOPs) require synchronously well-developed micro- and meso-porosity distribution of carbons (Gong et al ). NOM suffered severely competitive adsorption with trace organic-pollutants (TrOPs) on carbon surfaces with primarily small micro-pores (
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