Abstract
The exploitation and employment of agricultural waste in polluted water treatment are one of the most important cost-effective approaches. Therefore, a novel mesoporous spongy adsorbent/photocatalyst was successfully synthesised through the grafting of nickel and cobalt oxides nanocomposites with wheat straw-derived SiO2 (WSS). Nickel and cobalt oxides were added to enhance the functionality of wheat straw-derived SiO2. This synthesis methodology presents a simplistic, cost-effective, and eco-approachable alternative to getting an adsorbent and photocatalyst for the adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) pollutants from wastewater. The modified wheat straw-derived SiO2 (MWSS) was characterised via XRD, SEM, EDX, TGA, FTIR, and nitrogen adsorption. Molecular dynamics computational calculations were performed to comprehend the ability of methylene blue to adjust the MWSS surface. The adsorption and photodegradation trials were performed to optimise the pH, contact time, initial MB concentration, and temperature parameters. The optimum removal conditions were as follows: pH 10, dose 50 mg, contact time 45 min, temperature 25 ± 2 °C, and UV lamp (70 W) for photocatalytic degradation process. The obtained data indicated that the mesoporous MWSS adsorbent/photocatalyst provided efficient adsorption capability (79%), significant photocatalytic performance (93%), and higher solidity during reusability as well. Furthermore, kinetics and isotherm models were checked to explain the MB removal mechanism using mesoporous spongy MWSS. This study suggests an efficient composite that contributes to getting rid of the MB pollutants from wastewater.
Highlights
Clean water is one of the essential daily requirements for both modern and developing countries
2.4.Bench-top adsorption and photocatalytic degradation processes for MBremoval: In an adsorption test, 50 mg of modified wheat straw-derived SiO2 (MWSS) nanocomposite was mixed with 50 mL of methylene blue (MB)-dye solution in Erlenmeyer flasks at 500 rpm at various times and room temperature (~25±2°C)
The combined bands of Ni-Co oxide composite and wheat straw-derived SiO2 in the XRD pattern validate the formation of MWSS
Summary
Clean water is one of the essential daily requirements for both modern and developing countries. Several water management solutions, such as physical, chemical, and biological, have been reported to regulate and mitigate water contamination Most of these methods have some disadvantages, such as high operational and maintenance costs, complicated processes, and the creation of hazardous sludge or by-products (Shaban et al 2019; Balapure and Ganesan 2021). Because of their low cost, ease of operation, simplicity of design, environmentally friendly properties, and performance, adsorption and photocatalytic degradation over porous materials are considered the most suitable approaches for water cleansing (De Gisi et al 2016; Gupta et al 2016; Mohamed et al 2017). Our obtained data reveal that the mesoporous MWSS adsorbent/photocatalyst offers a sustainable solution for fast photodegradation and adsorption of MB-removal pollutants from wastewater even after multiple reuse cycles
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