Abstract
Mesoporous silica materials (MSM) have a great surface area and a high pore volume, meaning that they consequently have a large loading capacity, and have been demonstrated to be unique candidates for the treatment of different pathologies, including bacterial infection. In this text, we review the multiple ways of action in which MSM can be used to fight bacterial infection, including early detection, drug release, targeting bacteria or biofilm, antifouling surfaces, and adjuvant capacity. This review focus mainly on those that act as a drug delivery system, and therefore that have an essential characteristic, which is their great loading capacity. Since MSM have advantages in all stages of combatting bacterial infection; its prevention, detection and finally in its treatment, we can venture to talk about them as the “nightmare of bacteria”.
Highlights
Despite living in a society increasingly concerned about hygiene and asepsis, in reality, we live in a world populated by microorganisms that can be found in the most unsuspected places, such as the door handle, the mobile phone, or on the kitchen sponge [1,2,3,4]
A MCM-41 MSNPs: Mesoporous silica nanoparticles with hexagonal mesoporous structure; N-MSNPs: aminated MSNPs; C-MSNPs: carboxylated MSNPs; MCM-48 MSNPs: MSNPs with cubic mesoporous structures; DMSNPs: MSNPs with a dendritic structure of pores; Ag@MSNPs: Nanoparticles with a silver core and coated with mesoporous silica; Ag/DMSNPs: DMSNPs decorated with silver NPs; SBA-15 Ag/MSNPs: Mesoporous silica nanoparticles with hexagonal mesoporous structures and microporous connections decorated with silver NPs; DMSNPs-Schiff base (SB)-Cu: DMSNPs-supported copper, MSNPs-SB-Ni: MSNPs-supported nickel; Si-Ti-Sv: Silica–titanium sieves; MSNPs@C-dots/RB: carbon dots and Rose Bengal-embedded mesoporous silica nanoparticles. b E
A G3: polycationic dendrimer, poly(propyleneimine) dendrimer of the third generation; ε-pLys: ε-poly-L-lysine cationic polymer. b E. coli: Escherichia coli; S. aureus: Staphylococcus aureus; M. smegmatis: Mycobacterium smegmatis. c HKAIs: histidine kinase autophosphorylation inhibitors; INH: isoniazid; d MCM-41 G3-MSNPs: MCM-41 type MSNPs functionalized with G3; MCM-41 ε-pLys-MSNPs: MCM-41 type MSNPs functionalized with ε-pLys; MCM-41 Van-MSNPs: MCM-41 type MSNPs functionalized with vancomycin; Tre-HOMSNs: Trehalose-functionalized hollow oblate mesoporous silica nanoparticles
Summary
Despite living in a society increasingly concerned about hygiene and asepsis, in reality, we live in a world populated by microorganisms that can be found in the most unsuspected places, such as the door handle, the mobile phone, or on the kitchen sponge [1,2,3,4]. Biofilms are defined as communities of microorganisms that grow adhered to a surface, and that are embedded in a protective self-produced extracellular matrix This gives them certain and special characteristics, making them different from bacteria in a planktonic state (that is, as individual cells floating in solution), and able to play the important role of providing an increased resistance to antibiotics [11]. The solution is not to design new drugs continuously, but to increase the durability and effectiveness of those that are known This can be accomplished by the use of nanomaterials (NMs), which in recent years, have proven to be a great alternative in the treatment of infection and other diseases [19,20]. MSM allow for the achievement of high tunability at different levels; see below
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