Abstract
Calcium phosphate nanomaterials with controllable morphology and mesostructure were synthesized via a rapid and energy efficient microwave method. An increase in aspect ratio from nanoplates to nanorods was achieved by increasing the solvent chain length, accompanied by a subsequent about 23% increase in surface area and porosity. Control of mesoporosity was also achieved by varying the synthesis time and quantity of H2O in the reaction solvent. Comparative studies were carried out using conventional heating (CON) and room temperature co‐precipitation (RT) methods. It was found that microwave synthesis produces nanomaterials with about 50% higher yields, 7.5/1.7 times higher surface area and 3/5 times higher pore volume than RT/CON materials respectively, as well as having a lower distribution of particle size/shape (lower standard deviation values of their dimensions). Furthermore, in vitro protein loading tests of microwave synthesized mesoporous calcium phosphate materials showed an enhanced loading efficiency of bovine serum albumin (3–7 times), as compared with non‐mesostructured products from room temperature precipitation, in accordance with their larger surface area and porosity. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 3781–3789, 2015.
Highlights
Nanosized biomaterials have received a great deal of interest in recent years due to their potential to provide enhancements in crucial biomedical applications such as tissue engineering and drug delivery.[1]
Influence of reaction time To investigate the influence of MW irradiation time on particle morphology and mesopore development, nanosized calcium phosphate materials were synthesized at 2008C using different reaction times with all other reaction conditions consistent
The lattice structure parameters determined from high resolution Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) [Fig. 6(b)] were found to be reasonably consistent with values calculated from X-ray diffraction (XRD) we reported previously for microwave synthesized monetite.[28]
Summary
Nanosized biomaterials have received a great deal of interest in recent years due to their potential to provide enhancements in crucial biomedical applications such as tissue engineering and drug delivery.[1]. An exciting area of biomaterial research is, optimization of particle systems for targeted and controlled delivery of drugs, and to achieve the most favorable interface with cells and tissues. Mesostructured materials have shown promise both as enhanced drug delivery agents,[5,6] and in tissue engineering.[7] Regarding drug delivery systems, ordered mesoporous silicates have demonstrated high drug adsorption and fine control of drug release kinetics,[5] with the matrix pore size shown to directly control the rate of release and adsorption capacity for a particular therapeutic size.[8,9] particle morphology and size are critical factors which have been shown to effect drug release kinetics independent of mesopore size, for example a higher release rate was observed by Qu et al for nanospheres compared to micron sized rods.[10]
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