在Mesh-based無線感測網路上發展具電源知覺的網路佈建、拓樸建構及排程協定

Abstract

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) comprise a sink node and a large number of sensor nodes. In the application of environmental monitoring, sensor nodes that are deployed far away from the sink node transmit the gathered information to the sink node in a multi-hop manner. Therefore, sensor nodes nearby the sink node tend to exhaust their energy earlier than other nodes due to their heavy traffic for packet forwarding. The unbalanced power consumption among sensor nodes may cause network partitioned. This paper proposes efficient node placement, topology control, and MAC scheduling protocols to prolong the sensor network lifetime, reduce the packet transmission delay, and avoid collision. Firstly, a virtual tree topology is constructed based on mesh-based WSNs. Then two node-placement techniques, namely distance-based and density-based deployments are proposed to balance the power consumption of sensor nodes. Finally, a collision-free MAC scheduling protocol is proposed to prevent the packet transmissions from collision. In addition, extension of the proposed protocols are made from the mesh-based WSN to the random deployed WSN, making the mechanisms developed for Mesh-based WSNs can be applied to random deployed WSNs. Simulation results reveal that the developed protocols can efficiently balance each sensor node’s power consumption and prolong the network lifetime in both mesh-based and random deployed WSNs.