Abstract
Purpose:To investigate the effect of mesenteric lymph drainage on the spleen injury and the expressions of inflammatory cytokines in splenic tissue in mice following hemorrhagic shock.Methods:Male C57 mice were randomly divided into the sham shock, shock and shock+drainage groups. The mice in both shock and shock+drainage groups suffered femoral artery bleeding, maintained mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 40±2 mmHg for 90 min, and were resuscitated. And mesenteric lymph drainage was performed in the shock+drainage group at the time of resuscitation. After three hours of resuscitation, the splenic tissues were harvested for the histological observation and protein and mRNA expression analysis of cytokines.Results:The spleen in the shock group revealed a significantly structural damage and increased mRNA expressions of MyD88 and TRAF6 and protein expressions of TIPE2, MyD88, TRIF and TRAF3 compared to the sham group. By contrast, the splenic pathological injury in the shock+drainage group was alleviated significantly, and the mRNA and protein expressions of TIPE2, MyD88, TRIF, TRAF3 and TRAF6 were significantly lower than those in the shock group.Conclusion:These results indicate that post-hemorrhagic shock mesenteric lymph drainage alleviates hemorrhagic shock-induced spleen injury and the expressions of inflammatory cytokines.
Highlights
Hemorrhagic shock is a common clinical intensive illness and is an important cause of trauma leading to death[1,2,3]
In order to reveal the role of post-hemorrhagic shock mesenteric lymph (PHSML) in hemorrhagic shock-induced spleen injury and inflammatory response, the present study observed the effects of PHSML drainage on the splenic tissue structure and the expressions of inflammatory cytokines, including Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced protein 8-like 2 (TIPE2) and the downstream molecules of TLR4/TLR2
PHSML drainage alleviated the spleen injury induced by hemorrhagic shock As shown in Figure 1, there were no significant pathological changes in splenic tissue from sham group, with the evidences of clearly lymphoid nodules and “germinal centers”
Summary
Hemorrhagic shock is a common clinical intensive illness and is an important cause of trauma leading to death[1,2,3]. Mesenteric lymph drainage or mesenteric lymph duct ligation improve the multiple organ functions and reduce the tissue injury following hemorrhagic shock, such as lung, heart and kidney[4,5,6,7,8,9,10]. Hemorrhagic shock causes the immediate activation of immune system and rapid onset of inflammatory reaction, which leads to immune dysfunction and injury of immune organs[14]. Researches show that decreasing PHSML reflux is beneficial for reducing injury of splenic tissue after hemorrhagic shock[15,16], which is mediated by TLR4/TLR216. In order to reveal the role of PHSML in hemorrhagic shock-induced spleen injury and inflammatory response, the present study observed the effects of PHSML drainage on the splenic tissue structure and the expressions of inflammatory cytokines, including TIPE2 and the downstream molecules of TLR4/TLR2
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