Abstract
Neurological diseases represent one of the main causes of disability in human life. Consequently, investigating new strategies capable of improving the quality of life in neurological patients is necessary. For decades, researchers have been working to improve the efficacy and safety of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) therapy based on MSCs’ regenerative and immunomodulatory properties and multilinear differentiation potential. Therefore, strategies such as MSCs preconditioning are useful to improve their application to restore damaged neuronal circuits following neurological insults. This review is focused on preconditioning MSCs therapy as a potential application to major neurological diseases. The aim of our work is to summarize both the in vitro and in vivo studies that demonstrate the efficacy of MSC preconditioning on neuronal regeneration and cell survival as a possible application to neurological damage.
Highlights
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are known for their immunomodulatory and multipotent differentiation properties
The study results suggested that preconditioning with sevoflurane improved the therapeutic potential of MSCs in ischemic conditions, probably involving HIF-1α, HIF-2α, p-Akt/Akt and vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) resulting in upregulation [74]
Linares et reported in a mouse model of Huntington’s disease (HD) that lithium and valproic acid (VPA) preconditioned bone marrow (BM)-MSCs transplantation led to a reduction both in neuronal loss and formation of huntingtin aggregates
Summary
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are known for their immunomodulatory and multipotent differentiation properties. MSCs have been used as important players in regenerative therapies for their proliferative capacity, immunomodulatory and antiapoptotic properties, multilinear differentiation ability and paracrine effects [10,11]. It has been shown that, under favorable conditions, MSCs can differentiate into pancreatic β cells, cardiomyocytes, hepatocytes and neurons [7] It is well-known that beneficial MSCs’ properties depend at least in part on their paracrine effects. The MSCs’ regenerative properties make MSCs therapy potentially useful to repair damaged tissues [17,18]. The aim of this review is to summarize the evidence from experimental studies that highlight the efficacy of preconditioning in improving MSCs’ features and the application of preconditioned MSCs and derived secretome as potential therapeutic applications for neurological diseases
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