Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Different Parts of Umbilical Cord: Approach to Comparison & Characteristics

Ekaterina Semenova,Mariusz P Grudniak,Natalia Rozwadowska,Karolina E Zagorska,Tomasz J Kolanowski,Magdalena Murzyn,Igor M Stepaniec,Katarzyna Bocian,Magdalena Chroscinska-Krawczyk,Marzena Trochonowicz,Dariusz Boruczkowski,Eugeniusz K Machaj,Tomasz Oldak

doi:10.1007/s12015-021-10157-3

Abstract

Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are a unique population of cells that play an important role in the regeneration potential of the body. MSCs exhibit a characteristic phenotype and are capable of modulating the immune response. MSCs can be isolated from various tissues such as: bone marrow, adipose tissue, placenta, umbilical cord and others. The umbilical cord as a source of MSCs, has strong advantages, such as no-risk procedure of tissue retrieval after birth and easiness of the MSCs isolation. As the umbilical cord (UC) is a complex organ and we decided to evaluate, whether the cells derived from different regions of umbilical cord show similar or distinct properties. In this study we characterized and compared MSCs from three regions of the umbilical cord: Wharton’s Jelly (WJ), the perivascular space (PRV) and the umbilical membrane (UCM). The analysis was carried out in terms of morphology, phenotype, immunomodulation potential and secretome. Based on the obtained results, we were able to conclude, that MSCs derived from distinct UC regions differ in their properties. According to our result WJ-MSCs have high and stabile proliferation potential and phenotype, when compare with other MSCs and can be treated as a preferable source of cells for medical application.Graphical abstract

Highlights

Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) can be isolated from different tissues or organs: bone marrow, adipose tissue, placenta, umbilical cord, amniotic fluid, liver, dental pulp, mobilized peripheral blood and others, but the most frequently used sources of MSCs remain bone marrow, adipose tissue
MSCs were effectively isolated according to explants method described above from all three parts: Wharton Jelly (WJ), perivascular region (PRV) and umbilical cord membrane (UCM)
The cells obtained from Wharton’s Jelly (WJ), PRV, UCM showed similar growth characteristic from passages P1 to P8 and demonstrated congruous proliferation potential without statistically significant differences (Fig. 4)

Summary

Introduction

Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) can be isolated from different tissues or organs: bone marrow, adipose tissue, placenta, umbilical cord, amniotic fluid, liver, dental pulp, mobilized peripheral blood and others, but the most frequently used sources of MSCs remain bone marrow, adipose tissue. The immunomodulatory features allow to use them in allo- and autogenic configuration [7, 8]. Another important aspect of clinical use is the secretion of various growth factors and cytokines, such as G-CSF, HGF, PDGFAA, TGF-β, IL-6, IL-8 and others, which play important roles in immunomodulation and in promotion of cell proliferation, differentiation, growth and tissue repair [9,10,11]

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Conclusion