Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the deadliest malignancies among women. Approximately 75% of the patients with ovarian cancer are diagnosed with advanced disease that already has metastasis, particularly to the omentum. The omentum constitutes the ideal soil for ovarian cancer metastasis due to a complex intraperitoneal milieu that favors and supports the whole metastatic process. Adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ADSCs) are part of this microenvironment and foster tumor progression via sustained paracrine secretion, including extracellular vesicles (EVs). Nonetheless, the preferential relationship between ADSCs, ADSC-derived EVs, and ovarian cancer cells could be exploited to use ADSCs and EVs as a vehicle for anti-cancer therapies. This review will analyze the strict relations between tumor progression, metastatic disease, and adipose tissue with its staminal components. In addition, we will describe the crosstalk and biologic relationship between ADSCs and tumor cells, the role of EVs in intercellular communication, the establishment of drug resistance, metastatic capacity, and ovarian cancer progression. We will analyze the new therapeutic opportunities in treating ovarian cancer offered by ADSCs and EVs as a vehicle for therapeutic molecules to target precisely tumor cells and limit the systemic adverse effects. Finally, we will discuss the limitations of these therapeutic approaches.
Highlights
Ovarian cancer is one of the deadliest malignancies among women affected by gynecological tumors
This close relationship between omental adipose tissue, Adiposederived stem/stromal cells (ADSCs), and tumor cells seems to favor cancer progression, the tendency of tumor homing of ADSCs and their high secretory capacity could be exploited for delivering therapies directly inside the tumor microenvironment [17]
CM from Hyperthermia-treated ADSCs had enhanced suppressive effect on tumor progression and malignancy compared to normal ADSC controls reduced proliferation, cell viability, wound-repair capacity, and colony formation ability of A2780 and SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells
Summary
Ovarian cancer is one of the deadliest malignancies among women affected by gynecological tumors. Cells 2021, 10, 2117 recruit MSCs from the surrounding adipose tissue and even from the bone marrow [22] to receive metabolic support and survival advantage, conditioning ADSCs and the whole tumor microenvironment through a sustained secretion of EVs [23]. This close relationship between omental adipose tissue, ADSCs, and tumor cells seems to favor cancer progression, the tendency of tumor homing of ADSCs and their high secretory capacity could be exploited for delivering therapies directly inside the tumor microenvironment [17]. We will discuss the preclinical studies investigating these therapeutic approaches and the possible limitations derived from the use of ADSCs and ADSC-derived EVs for ovarian cancer treatment
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