Abstract
Molecular genetic mechanisms, signaling pathways, cultural conditions, factors, and markers of osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are actively studied despite numerous works in this area of cellular technologies. This is largely due to the accumulating contradictions in seemingly classical knowledge, as well as permanent updating of the results in the field. In this regard, we focused on the main classical concepts and some new factors and mechanisms that have a noticeable regulatory effect on the differentiation potential of postnatal MSCs. The present review considers the significance of MSC sources for their differentiation capacity, as well as the role of the cellular microenvironment. The issues of classification, terminology, and functional activity of MSCs from various sources are discussed. The paracrine potential of MSCs in tissue regeneration has been considered; sufficient importance of inflammation in osteogenesis is noted, in particular, the presence of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the lesion focus, produced not only by microenvironmental cells but also by blood cells, including mononuclear leukocytes, migrating to the affected site. An important role in this review is given to biomechanical signals and to influence of conformational changes in cell cytoskeleton (cell shape) upon MSC differentiation, since the morphological features of cells and the structure of cytoskeleton are modulated by interactions of the cell surface with environmental factors, including hydrostatic pressure, fluid flow, compression/stretching loads. The data are presented concerning elasticity of extracellular matrix being a determining factor of cell differentiation. We conclude that one should switch from point studies of individual gene effects to multiple measurements of the gene-regulatory profile and biomolecules responsible for multiple, still poorly studied osteogenic factors of endogenous and exogenous origin. Among cornerstones in future (epi)genetic studies will be to decide if osteomodulatory effects are realized through specific signaling pathways and/or via cross-signaling with known genes controlling osteogenic differentiation of MSCs.
Highlights
Мезенхимные стволовые клетки: краткий обзор Mesenchymal stem cells: brief review жировой ткани и периферической крови [124]
In this regard, we focused on the main classical concepts and some new factors and mechanisms that have a noticeable regulatory effect on the differentiation potential of postnatal mesenchymal stem cells (MSC)
The present review considers the significance of MSC sources for their differentiation capacity, as well as the role of the cellular microenvironment
Summary
МЕЗЕНХИМНЫЕ СТВОЛОВЫЕ КЛЕТКИ: КРАТКИЙ ОБЗОР КЛАССИЧЕСКИХ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЙ И НОВЫХ ФАКТОРОВ ОСТЕОГЕННОЙ ДИФФЕРЕНЦИРОВКИ. Юрова К.А.1, Мелащенко Е.С.1, Хазиахматова О.Г.1, Малащенко В.В.1, Мелащенко О.Б.1, Шунькин Е.О.1, Норкин И.К.1, Хлусов И.А.1, 2, 3, Литвинова Л.С.1. Молекулярно-генетические механизмы, сигнальные пути, условия, факторы и маркеры остеогенной дифференцировки мезенхимных стволовых клеток (МСК) активно изучаются, несмотря на то, что считаются одними из наиболее исследованных направлений в области клеточных технологий. Литвинова «Мезенхимные стволовые клетки: краткий обзор классических представлений и новых факторов остеогенной дифференцировки» // Медицинская иммунология, 2021. For citation: K.A. Yurova, E.S. Melashchenko, O.G. Khasiakhmatova, V.V. Malashchenko, O.B. Melashchenko, E.O. Shunkin, I.K. Norkin, I.A. Khlusov, L.S. Litvinova “Mesenchymal stem cells: a brief review of classis concepts and new factors of osteogenic differentiation ”, Medical Immunology (Russia)/Meditsinskaya Immunologiya, 2021, Vol 23, no. Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russian Federation b Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation c National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.