Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: novel frontiers in regenerative medicine

Somayeh Keshtkar,Mohammad Hossein Ghahremani,Negar Azarpira

doi:10.1186/s13287-018-0791-7

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that have gained significant attention in the field of regenerative medicine. The differentiation potential along with paracrine properties of MSCs have made them a key option for tissue repair. The paracrine functions of MSCs are applied through secreting soluble factors and releasing extracellular vesicles like exosomes and microvesicles. Extracellular vesicles are predominantly endosomal in origin and contain a cargo of miRNA, mRNA, and proteins that are transferred from their original cells to target cells. Recently it has emerged that extracellular vesicles alone are responsible for the therapeutic effect of MSCs in plenty of animal diseases models. Hence, MSC-derived extracellular vesicles may be used as an alternative MSC-based therapy in regenerative medicine. In this review we discuss MSC-derived extracellular vesicles and their therapeutic potential in various diseases.

Highlights

Progress in the field of regenerative medicine is occurring through a variety of approaches for the repair of damaged tissues or lost cells
This study indicated that Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-Extracellular vesicle (EV) might replicate the effective behavior of MSCs
In a recent animal study Ranghino et al [29] studied the effect of EVs derived from glomerular MSCs on Acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) in SCID mice. They demonstrated that glomerular MSC-derived EV (MSC-EV) ameliorated the affected kidney function and reduced renal injury after IRI via tubular epithelial cell proliferation mediated by mRNAs and miRNAs transferred by the MSC-EVs

Summary

Introduction

Progress in the field of regenerative medicine is occurring through a variety of approaches for the repair of damaged tissues or lost cells. In a rat model of kidney ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) Gatti et al [25] showed that injection of MSC-EVs protected rats from AKI through reducing apoptosis and increasing tubular epithelial cell proliferation and subsequently improved renal function.

Results

Conclusion