Abstract
The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) for the treatment of cutaneous wounds is currently of enormous interest. However, the broad translation of cell therapies into clinical use is hampered by their efficacy, safety, manufacturing and cost. MSCs release a broad repertoire of trophic factors and immunomodulatory cytokines, referred to as the MSC secretome, that has considerable potential for the treatment of cutaneous wounds as a cell-free therapy. In this review, we outline the current status of MSCs as a treatment for cutaneous wounds and introduce the potential of the MSC secretome as a cell-free alternative for wound repair. We discuss the challenges and provide insights and perspectives for the future development of the MSC secretome as well as identify its potential clinical translation into a therapeutic treatment.
Highlights
Despite advances in our understanding of the mechanisms involved in acute and chronic wound repair, non-healing wounds remain a cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and are a huge economic burden to our society [1]
This review describes the potential effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC)-S on cutaneous wound healing and discusses the challenges in translating its use into a therapeutic treatment
BM-MSC secretome (MSC-S) injected into the margins of excisional wounds in mice promotes wound healing through diminished inflammation mediated by macrophage polymerisation [36]
Summary
Despite advances in our understanding of the mechanisms involved in acute and chronic wound repair, non-healing wounds remain a cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and are a huge economic burden to our society [1]. Cutaneous wounds heal through an intricate cascade of phases in which the interactions of different cell types alongside local and systemic factors replace injured tissues and re-establish supportive structures [2]. When these processes fail to progress normally and in conjunction with an underlying disease state, chronic non-healing wounds may eventuate [3]. Paracrine signalling of MSCs has been suggested as the main mechanism of action [10] This breakthrough in the field of MSCs has motivated researchers to investigate the application of the MSC-S on wound healing to overcome the challenges of using live cells. This review describes the potential effects of MSC-S on cutaneous wound healing and discusses the challenges in translating its use into a therapeutic treatment
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