Abstract
The materials pipeline for biomaterials and tissue engineering applications is under continuous development. Specifically, there is great interest in the use of designed materials in the stem cell arena as materials can be used to manipulate the cells providing control of behavior. This is important as the ability to “engineer” complexity and subsequent in vitro growth of tissues and organs is a key objective for tissue engineers. This review will describe the nature of the materials strategies, both static and dynamic, and their influence specifically on mesenchymal stem cell fate.
Highlights
The materials engineering field encompasses various techniques allowing the application of smart materials to tissue engineering (TE)
Application of the enzyme cleaves the sequence at the dialanine linker allowing attachment to RGD. This system is biocompatible and controlled (Todd et al, 2007; Zelzer et al, 2012). These materials approaches have characterized the nature of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) adhesion and subsequent behavior
What is lacking is an optimal system that provides the quantity of stem cells required for a TE construct
Summary
The materials engineering field encompasses various techniques allowing the application of smart materials to tissue engineering (TE). In 2010, Gilbert showed that a pre-culture of muscle stem cells (MuSC) on pliant materials aided self-renewal of MuSC in vivo (Gilbert et al, 2010); in vitro culture conditions are central to cell behavior in vivo This has been described as “mechanical memory” and has recently been tested by Yang et al MSCs were cultured on stiff substrates for differing times prior to seeding on a soft substrate (Figure 4B i), it was shown that there is a correlation between duration of pre-treatment and osteogenic phenotype.
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