Abstract
AbstractArtificial photonic nanomaterials made from densely packed scatterers are frequently realized either by top‐down or bottom‐up techniques. While top‐down techniques offer unprecedented control over achievable geometries for the scatterers, by trend they suffer from being limited to planar and periodic structures. In contrast, materials fabricated with bottom‐up techniques do not suffer from such disadvantages but, unfortunately, they offer only little control on achievable geometries for the scatterers. To overcome these limitations, a nanofabrication strategy is introduced that merges both approaches. A large number of scatterers are fabricated with a tailored optical response by fast character projection electron‐beam lithography and are embedded into a membrane. By peeling‐off this membrane from the substrate, scrambling, and densifying it, a bulk material comprising densely packed and randomly arranged scatterers is obtained. The fabrication of an isotropic material from these scatterers with a strong electric and magnetic response is demonstrated. The approach of this study unlocks novel opportunities to fabricate nanomaterials with a complex optical response in the bulk but also on top of arbitrarily shaped surfaces.
Highlights
Artificial photonic nanomaterials have been explored for a long time.[1,2,3] They consist of strongly scattering nanostructures that are densely packed in space, such that the propagating light experiences such disadvantages but, they offer only little control on achievable on some effective scale a homogenous geometries for the scatterers
To confirm the excitability of both resonances, numerical simulations were performed with a modeled meta-atom diameter of D = 160 nm and layer thicknesses of TAu = 30 nm and TSiO2 = 20 nm
As noticeable by the symmetry of the stream map, each resonance can be associated of either being an electric dipolar resonance (EDR) or magnetic dipolar resonance (MDR)
Summary
Artificial photonic nanomaterials have been explored for a long time.[1,2,3] They consist of strongly scattering nanostructures that are densely packed in space, such that the propagating light experiences such disadvantages but, they offer only little control on achievable on some effective scale a homogenous geometries for the scatterers. To cause a disordered arrangement of the meta-atoms to suppress these effects, is possible with top-down technologies, but the limitation to two-dimensional arrange- To remedy these limitations, bottom-up techniques that mostly rely on self-assembly strategies have been considered.[19,20,21] Thanks to the disordered and amorphous arrangement of the meta-atoms, isotropic and bulk nanomaterials are in reach.[22,23,24] large-scale fabrication techniques for planar metasurfaces have been reported were the constituents are brought afterward in solution after dissolving the particles.[25,26] the approach remained so far limited as the building blocks are mostly small spherical nanoparticles, nanorods, or crescents that, even though combined in complex patterns, do not give the necessary degrees of freedom to tailor any desired response.[27,28] the density at which the metaatoms can be arranged is rather low and often insufficient to induce a strong response in the bulk material.[29]
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