Abstract

Identifying and analyzing the causes and consequences that generate the high consumption of mercury in gold mining activities is an international priority. In Colombia, eighty-seven percent of the country's gold mines have no mining title and only 3% possess environmental licenses. High mining and environmental lawlessness, the failures of formalization programs and the inadequacy of importation controls on the supply are the cause of the high consumption of mercury in Colombian mining. To diagnose the country's gold mining activities and the excessive use of mercury in them, we used six information sources (semi-structured interviews, 2011 Census on Mining Activities), nine dependent and 21 independent variables. The study evidenced the miners' partiality in favor of the use of mercury in the procurement of gold; the process is easy, quick and inexpensive. Mercury concentrations were found to be above tolerable levels. In response, government has opted for a policy of persecution of the activity rather than the promotion of their Colombia minera y uso de mercurio: un estado fallido. Resumen. Identificar y analizar las causas y consecuencias que estan generando altos niveles de consumo de mercurio en la actividad aurifera es una prioridad internacional. Con el fin de hacer un diagnostico de la actividad minera aurifera y del uso excesivo de mercurio en Colombia se usaron seis fuentes de informacion (entrevistas semi-estructuradas y censo minero 2011), nueve variables dependientes y 21 independientes. El 87% de las minas auriferas del pais no tenian titulo minero y solo el 3% contaba con licencia ambiental. Se evidencio que los mineros prefieren el uso del mercurio para el beneficio del oro por ser un metodo facil, rapido y economico. Las causas de los altos niveles de consumo de mercurio en la actividad aurifera identificados fueron: la alta ilegalidad minera y ambiental, el fracaso de los programas de formalizacion y la falta de control sobre las importaciones del insumo. Los estudios evidenciaron concentraciones de mercurio por encima de los limites permitidos. Ante esta situacion el Gobierno se ha inclinado por una politica de persecucion a la actividad en lugar de fomentar su formalizacion.

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