Mercury adsorption by sulfur- and amidoxime-containing bifunctional silica gel based hybrid materials

Abstract

Novel sulfur- and amidoxime-containing bifunctional silica gel based hybrid materials, SG-HE-S-AO and SG-HO-S-AO, were prepared by heterogeneous and homogeneous methods. Their structures were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), porous structure analysis and elemental analysis. The results showed that higher degree of functionalization was obtained by the heterogeneous method than the homogeneous method. The static saturated adsorption for Ag(I), Pb(II), Cu(II), Ni(II) and Hg(II) showed that both adsorbents exhibited better adsorption selectivity for Hg(II) than other metal ions. For Hg(II) adsorption, SG-HE-S-AO exhibited better capability than SG-HO-S-AO due to its higher content of functional groups. The Hg(II) adsorption kinetics of the two adsorbents followed the pseudo second-order process at different concentrations. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were both employed to analyze the experimental data, and the Langmuir model fitted better. We also found that increased temperature was beneficial for adsorption. The dynamic adsorption and desorption were investigated and the results showed that the Hg(II) loaded on the two adsorbents were easily eluted by 5% thiourea in 0.5molL−1 HNO3. The adsorption mechanism of these materials for Hg(II) was discussed.