Abstract
The international and intercultural relations of Asia are frequently perceived and predicted to be ripe for conflict. This chapter poses a counter-question by reading the stories and recollections of pilgrims that have travelled the Middle East, Persia, Central Asia, the Straits of Malacca and the Indian Ocean towards Arabia: have the different faiths of pilgrims and the rival ideologies of merchants stoked inevitable conflict in southern Asia’s pre-modern past? Based on a philosophical reading of assorted texts by Ibn Battuta, Fa-Hsien, Tome Pires and Marco Polo, this chapter ventures the answer that ancient Asians and Europeans have developed a unique sense of circulating and integrating difference into hybrid amalgamations that have generated a culture of toleration that co-evolved with prosperous trading relations all along the maritime Silk Road.
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