Abstract
BackgroundThis study aimed to review studies on willingness to pay (WTP) for prostate cancer screening.MethodsThis systematic-review was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews guidelines. By searching six-health-database, WTP studies on prostate cancer screening using contingent valuation method published in English until March 2020 were included and those with unavailable full-text and inadequate quality-assessment scores were excluded. Smith checklist was used for the quality assessment. Extracted WTPs were converted to US dollar in 2018 using exchange rate parity and net present value formula to make comparison. Factors’ effect was assessed by vote counting.ResultsSix final studies published after 2006 reported above 70% Smith checklist items needed to be considered in contingent valuation study reports. Seven factors have positive effects on WTP. The reported WTP value varied from 11$ to 588$ in Japan and Germany, respectively.ConclusionWTP for prostate cancer screening was positive among all studied men. The results of factors’ effect assessment showed that better understanding prostate cancer risks or screening tests and factors such as age, income, family history of cancer, hospitalization history, and educational level have positive effects. Moreover, prostate-specific antigen history, health insurance, employment, and subject’s health assessment received less attention.The results’ generalization to all countries is not applicable because there are no studies for low- and middle-income countries.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO 2020 CRD42020172789
Highlights
This study aimed to review studies on willingness to pay (WTP) for prostate cancer screening
Early detection of cancer is considered as an important factor in controlling the disease, reducing the cost of treatment, and increasing the rate of survival; it is necessary to highlight the significance of health education in developing countries where people have inadequate knowledge on the screening methods [6]
There was no disagreement in search process. 327 duplicate or irrelevant articles were removed, and 18 related articles were entered into the stage for performing more evaluation
Summary
This study aimed to review studies on willingness to pay (WTP) for prostate cancer screening. Despite the rising rates of prevalence and mortality in some developing countries, the existing evidence suggests that mortality rate has declined in some highincome countries. This reduction is attributed to screening, the use of other early diagnosis methods, and improved treatment [5]. Early detection of cancer is considered as an important factor in controlling the disease, reducing the cost of treatment, and increasing the rate of survival; it is necessary to highlight the significance of health education in developing countries where people have inadequate knowledge on the screening methods [6]. Successful detection of prostate cancer helps in the elimination or reduction of treatment costs and money saving via treating fewer men with advanced stages of prostate cancer and metastasis [7]
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