Menthol-based deep eutectic solvent in dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by solidification of floating organic droplet for the determination of three bisphenols with UPLC-MS/MS

Abstract

An efficient dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) method based on the solidification of floating organic drop (SFO) has been developed for extraction of bisphenol S (BPS), bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol B (BPB) in canned fruit, in which green deep eutectic solvent (DES) was used as the extraction solvent. The analysis was determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). All parameters affecting the extraction efficiency, including selection of DES, volume of DES, salt effect, extraction time, pH, and dispersion solvent type and volume, were investigated and optimized. The extraction efficiency of bisphenols was improved by a menthol-based DES. More importantly, the low melting point of DES makes the extracted bisphenols could be easily separated from sample solution with a syringe. This method showed good linearity (r > 0.9916) in the range of 10.0–200 ng g−1 with limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 1.5 to 3.0 ng g−1 and the limit of quantifications (LOQs) were ranged from 5.0 to 10.0 ng g−1. The recoveries of three spiked levels were ranged from 79.5% to 101% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) were lower than 4.6%. This developed method was successfully applied in bisphenols extraction of different canned fruit samples and exhibited a simple and green extraction procedure. This environmentally friendly method offers an important reference for the separation of bisphenols in food.