Mentha arvensis Essential Oil Exerts Anti-Inflammatory in LPS-Stimulated Inflammatory Responses via Inhibition of ERK/NF-κB Signaling Pathway and Anti-Atopic Dermatitis-like Effects in 2,4-Dinitrochlorobezene-Induced BALB/c Mice.

So-Yeon Kim,Sun Hee Hong,Seung-Hyuk Choi,Tamanna Jahan Mony,Se Jin Park,Kyeong-Min Kim,Ji Woong Choi,Sang-Deok Han,Eun-Seok Lee,Minju Kim

doi:10.3390/antiox10121941

Abstract

The mechanism of atopic dermatitis (AD) is modulated by the release of cytokines and chemokines through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Topical steroids are used to treat AD, but some people need safer anti-inflammatory drugs to avoid side effects. Mentha arvensis has been used as a herbal plant with medicinal properties, but its anti-inflammatory effects have not been elucidated in an AD model. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of M. arvensis essential oil (MAEO) and its underlying molecular mechanism in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and HaCaT cells (human epidermal keratinocyte). Additionally, we examined the ameliorating effects of the MAEO in a dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced murine model of AD. We found, in both RAW 264.7 cells and HaCaT cells, MAEO inhibited LPS-stimulated inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 and proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β and IL-6, due to the suppression of COX-2 and iNOS expression. In LPS-stimulated macrophages, we also observed that MAEO inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK and P65. Furthermore, MAEO treatment attenuated AD symptoms, including the dermatitis score, ear thickness, epidermal thickness and infiltration of mast cells, in a DNCB-induced animal model of AD. Overall, our findings suggest that MAEO exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-atopic dermatitis effects via inhibition of the ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Highlights

M. arvensis essential oil (MAEO), a total of 49 different compounds were identified based on the retention time and mass spectral data (Table 2)
PCR, we observed that LPS significantly increased the mRNA expression of IL-6 and IL1β compared to the control, but MAEO treatment dose-dependently suppressed IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA expression (Figure 4A,B)
We found that MAEO significantly reduced the production of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 (Figure 4C,D). These results suggest that MAEO has anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the expression of RT–PCR, we observed that LPS significantly increased the mRNA expression of IL-6 and IL-1β compared to the control, but MAEO treatment dose-dependently suppressed IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA expression (Figure 4A,B)

Summary

Introduction

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with complex interactions between the environment and the immune system via the epidermal barrier [1]. Several recent studies have shown that an increasing number of patients are suffering from. AD due to urbanization and industrialization, and the prevalence of children with AD reached 25.9% in 2017 [2,3,4]. AD is caused by an abnormal immune response of activated immune cells and skin cells characterized by itching, dryness and skin dysfunction [5]. Mast cells that produce various cytokines, including IL-4 and IL-13, in response to Antioxidants 2021, 10, 1941.

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