Mental healthcare access among US adults with vision impairment and depression and/or anxiety symptoms

Abstract

BackgroundAlthough individuals with vision impairment are at greater risk for depression and anxiety, there has been limited study of mental healthcare utilization among this population. ObjectivesTo address this gap, this pooled cross-sectional study estimates the prevalence of mental healthcare utilization among individuals with vision impairment during the COVID-19 pandemic. MethodsWe calculated adjusted relative risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals of depression and/or anxiety symptoms and mental healthcare utilization using multinomial logistic regression, accounting for demographics, social determinants of health, and survey week. The population-based, U.S. Census Bureau Household Pulse Survey was administered April 2021–March 2022. Participants included 800,935 US adults (weighted population: 174,598,530) ResultsAdjusting for other factors, adults with vision impairment were more likely to report depression symptoms (RRR: 2.33; 95% CI: 2.03–2.68), anxiety symptoms (RRR: 2.12; 95% CI: 1.94–2.33, and comorbid depression and anxiety symptoms (RRR: 3.77; 95% CI: 3.51–4.04) compared with individuals with no vision impairment. Among individuals reporting anxiety or depression symptoms, individuals with vision impairment (RRR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.35–1.59) were more likely to lack of mental healthcare utilization compared with individuals with no vision impairment. ConclusionFindings suggest that individuals with vision impairment are at increased risk for depression and/or anxiety symptoms and report reduced mental healthcare utilization compared with individuals without vision impairment. Additional programs and policies are needed to improve mental healthcare utilization among individuals with vision impairment and depression and/or anxiety symptoms, such as increased telehealth accessibility and coordination of behavioral health and ophthalmology services.