Mental health providers' perceptions of restrictive eating disorders: Relationship with client body weight.

Abstract

This study investigated whether mental health providers have different diagnostic impressions and treatment recommendations for patients with restrictive eating disorders, depending on the patient's body weight. Participants were given one of three versions of a vignette depicting a patient who meets DSM-5 criteria for anorexia nervosa (AN) or atypical AN with the patient's weight described as either below, within, or above the average range for her age and height. Participants were then asked to respond to a series of questions about diagnosis, symptoms, and treatment recommendations. Results were compared between the three weight conditions with the goal of better understanding how a patient's body weight may influence different aspects of participants' clinical impressions. Participants given the low weight version of the vignette were more likely to identify the presenting problem as an eating disorder and to agree that the patient experienced dietary restriction and weight loss, weight gain avoidance, and body image concerns. Participants given the low weight description were also more likely to recommend specialized eating disorder treatment and medical follow-up. Findings suggest that mental health providers were generally more responsive to restrictive eating disorder symptoms when the patient was at a lower body weight. These results are concerning because they suggest patients with atypical AN may be less likely to receive an accurate diagnosis or adequate treatment compared to underweight patients with AN, despite experiencing the same symptoms. Restrictive eating disorders like AN and atypical AN can cause comparable physical and psychological symptoms in people of any body weight. Despite having the same symptoms, people with a higher body weight are less likely to receive a diagnosis or treatment. This study compared mental health providers' reactions to a description of a patient with an eating disorder at different body weights and found differences in diagnosis, detection of symptoms, and treatment recommendations.