Mental health dynamics among COVID-19 survivors: anxiety and depression in urban Nepal

Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has exerted a profound impact on global mental health, with developing countries like Nepal facing exacerbated challenges. This study investigates the prevalence and determinants of anxiety and depression among COVID-19 survivors recognizing the pivotal role of socio-demographic and health-related factors in shaping mental health outcomes during the pandemic. Methods: Employing an analytical cross-sectional design, the study engaged 150 COVID-19 survivors from Kathmandu's Urban Health Clinic. Participants were selected through systematic random sampling and data were collected via a combination of semi-structured and closed-ended questionnaires, incorporating the depression anxiety stress scale (DASS) 21. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, Fisher exact tests, and logistic regression to understand the associations and predictors of anxiety and depression among the survivors. Results: The study revealed that a significant proportion of COVID-19 survivors experienced anxiety and depression at varying levels. 82% of the participants exhibited normal depression levels, while 18% reported symptoms ranging from mild to extremely severe. Anxiety was more prevalent, with 58% showing normal levels and 42% experiencing mild to extremely severe anxiety. Key predictors of depression included lack of access to COVID health services, while anxiety was significantly associated with residence type, overall health status during COVID-19, treatment type, and concerns about future waves of the pandemic. Conclusions: The study emphasize the crucial need for accessible healthcare services and comprehensive mental health support. Policymakers and healthcare providers should integrate mental health services into post-COVID recovery plans, focusing on tailored interventions for survivors' needs.