Mental health and social support among glaucoma patients enrolled in the NIH All of Us COVID-19 Participant Experience (COPE) survey

Abstract

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic created many challenges for our society. In this study, we explore how measures of mental health, coping strategies, and social support during the pandemic varied by glaucoma status.MethodsA cohort of patients aged 40 and over enrolled in the NIH All of Us Research Program, a nationwide longitudinal cohort, who answered the COVID-19 Participant Experience (COPE) survey was obtained. We analyzed several measures of mental health, coping strategies, and social support used during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Surveys were recurring and answered from May 2020 to February 2021. Demographics and the most recently answered survey responses were obtained and stratified by glaucoma status. Pearson’s Chi-squared tests and multivariable logistic regressions adjusting for age, gender, race, ethnicity, and income were used to generate p-values, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between outcome measures and glaucoma status.ResultsOf 42,484 patients who responded to All of Us COPE survey items, 2912 (6.9%) had a diagnosis of glaucoma. On Pearson’s Chi-squared tests glaucoma patients were less likely to report drinking alcohol (P = 0.003), eating more food than usual (P = 0.004), and using marijuana (P = 0.006) to cope with social distancing than those without a diagnosis of glaucoma. Further, glaucoma patients had lower rates of probable mild, moderate, or severe depression as calculated by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores (P < 0.001) and had lower rates of reporting some or a lot of stress from social distancing (P < 0.001). However, glaucoma patients were less likely to report having someone to help prepare meals (P = 0.005) or help with daily chores (P = 0.003) if they became sick with COVID-19. In multivariable logistic regression analyses adjusting for confounding factors, no differences were found for measures of mental health or social support.ConclusionsGlaucoma patients did not fare worse on many measures of mental health and coping strategies during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic compared those without glaucoma. However, a substantial proportion of glaucoma patients still endorsed stress, social isolation, and probable depression, representing challenges for disease management.