Menopause symptoms in women infected with HIV: Prevalence and associated factors

Abstract

Objective. To evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with menopause symptoms in HIV-infected women.Methods. A cross-sectional study of two groups of women was conducted: 96 with HIV and 155 without HIV. Women aged 40 years or older, non-users of hormone therapy in the last 6 months and native Brazilians were included. The prevalence of menopause symptoms was calculated according to the studied variables. Symptoms were grouped into six categories: vasomotor, psychological, genitourinary, weight gain, palpitations and insomnia. The generalized estimating equation model was applied to identify the factors associated with menopause symptoms in all women and for HIV-infected women only.Results. The mean (±standard deviation) age of women with and without HIV was 48.9 ± 7.4 and 51.0 ± 8.7 years (p = 0.07), respectively. The median age at menopause for HIV-infected women was 47.5 years. Menopause symptoms were more frequent in HIV-infected women, highlighting psychological and vasomotor symptoms. HIV infection was associated with menopause symptoms (odds ratio (OR) = 1.65, p = 0.03), as well as age ranging from 45 to 54 years (OR = 1.77, p = 0.01), higher parity (OR = 2.38, p = 0.01) and self-perception of health as fair/poor (OR = 2.07, p < 0.01). Among HIV-infected women, the likelihood of presenting symptoms decreased in those aged 55 or older (OR = 0.16, p = 0.03) and increased in retired women (OR = 2.61, p = 0.02).Conclusion. Menopause symptoms were common in HIV-infected women. HIV infection was independently associated with menopause symptoms, whereas age and being retired were associated with the occurrence of these symptoms in HIV-infected women.