Abstract

Menopause is associated with a rapid increase in fat mass and a redistribution of body fat from the periphery to the abdomen, resulting in a transition from a gynoid to an android pattern of fat distribution. In postmenopausal women, increase in body mass index (BMI) and proportion of visceral fat are strongly correlated with the development of hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and with a number of metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Central adiposity and visceral adiposity could influence the distribution of cardiovascular fat, defined as the fat surrounding the heart and arteries, and are correlates with CVD risk.

Highlights

  • The menopausal transition marks a period of physiologic changes as women approach reproductive senescence

  • The prevalence of obesity (BMI >30kg/m2 ) is higher in postmenopausal women than in premenopau¬sal women. This is a consequence of a multifactorial process that involves reduced energy expenditure due to physical inactivity, which is sometimes compounded by depression, as well as due to muscle atrophy and a lower basal metabolic rate

  • Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic cancer: it is estimated that risk of endometrial cancer increases about 59% for every 5 unit increase in body mass index (BMI, kg/m2), and overweight and obesity are responsible for 57% of all case of endometrial cancer in USA

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Summary

Review Article

Curre Res Diabetes & Obes J Copyright © All rights are reserved by Andrea Giannini. Pisa, Italy, Tel:. Increase in body mass index (BMI) and proportion of visceral fat are strongly correlated with the development of hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and with a number of metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Central adiposity and visceral adiposity could influence the distribution of cardiovascular fat, defined as the fat surrounding the heart and arteries, and are correlates with CVD risk. Women with higher abdominal adiposity, subcutaneous adiposity, report an increase of vasomotor symptoms (VMS) during the menopausal transition and in early post menopause. Healthy weight in midlife women early in the menopausal transition may help to prevent VMS. Overweight women may suffer from psychosocial consequences, with a significant impact on self-esteem and general well-being: obese postmenopausal women have lower health-related quality of life, in physical functioning, energy, and vitality compared with normal-weight women.

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