Abstract
A partial or total loss of the meniscus leads to development of arthritis as already described in previous studies. Therefore a form of therapy which adequately reconstructs or substitutes the meniscus is important for the treatment of meniscal tears. Attempts at replacing the meniscus by means of autografts or artificial Dacron or Teflon implants achieved insufficient results. Another approach was to develop a scaffold of bovine collagen or polyurethane. According to the results of several studies implantation of a collagen meniscus led to good results overall, however a remodeling into real meniscal tissue could not be demonstrated.Implants of polyurethane result in partly unsatisfactory outcomes in animal experiments, but short-term results of implantations in human knees have so far shown a functional improvement. Collagen meniscus implants are as yet the only valid long-term method besides meniscal allografts to sufficiently substitute meniscal defects. Latest efforts are aimed at conditioning meniscal scaffolds with suitable cells or growth factors to obtain a better regeneration of meniscal tissue.
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