Mendelian randomization analysis reveals the impact of physical and occupational activities on the risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease and Barrett’s esophagus

Abstract

Background Recent studies have indicated that participating in physical activity may provide a safeguard against gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Nevertheless, the precise links between physical and occupational activity and the occurrence of GERD and Barrett’s esophagus (BE) are still uncertain. Methods Conducting univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomization investigations to examine the causal relationship between exposures and outcomes. Genetic variation simulation was used in randomized experiments. Data on physical and occupational activity were obtained from the UK Biobank and GWAS catalog. In the meantime, data on GERD and BE were extracted from a high quality meta-analysis. Results The results of univariate Mendelian randomization analysis using multiple methods suggest a causal relationship between strenuous sports or other forms of exercise (as a protective factor) and GERD/BE. At the same time, three types of occupational related physical activities, including heavy manual or physical work, shift work and walking or standing work, are risk factors for GERD/BE and have a causal relationship with them. These results were reconfirmed through multivariate Mendelian randomization analysis, which excluding the influence of other potential confounding factors. Conclusions The findings indicated that strenuous sports or other forms of exercise could lower the likelihood of GERD/BE, while excessive physical strain in the workplace, prolonged periods of standing or walking, and shift work could raise the risk of GERD/BE. Acknowledging this risk and implementing suitable measures can contribute to the prevention of GERD and BE, thus mitigating the associated health burden.