Abstract
Recent works show that the plants can exhibit nonlinear memristive behavior when excited with low-frequency signals. However, in the literature, only linear bio-impedance models are extensively considered to model the electrical properties of biological tissues without acknowledging the nonlinear behavior. In this paper, we show with experiments, for the first time, the pinched hysteresis behavior in seven fruits and vegetables including tomato, orange, lemon, aubergine, and kiwi which exhibit single pinch-off point, and others such as carrot and cucumber exhibit double pinch-off points (i.e., three lobes). We also proposed a memristive fractional-order bio-impedance model by extending the Hayden bio-impedance model. The proposed model is used to fit the measurements of the seven fruits and vegetables showing very good matching.
Highlights
The plant cell’s anatomical structure shows that it contains the nucleus, membrane, cytoplasm, vacuoles, and the cell wall, besides fluids and electrolytes [1], [2]
We prove mathematically that fractional-order Simplified Hayden model (FOSHM) cannot exhibit pinched hysteresis at any frequency range and it is necessary to have a memristive device within the model to model the pinched hysteresis that happens at low frequency and act as a resistor at high frequencies as will be shown in the experiments section
These results prove that such plants exhibit pinch-off hysteresis behaviour at low frequency
Summary
The plant cell’s anatomical structure shows that it contains the nucleus, membrane, cytoplasm, vacuoles, and the cell wall, besides fluids and electrolytes [1], [2]. The parallel resistance in the fractional-order simplified Hayden model (Rp) is replaced with an integer memristor device has RM memristance, so φ can be represented as follows:. The input current to the fractional-order simplified Hayden model shown in Fig. 1(b) is the summation of the memristance and capacitor currents as follows: Iin = iM (t) + iC (t). Similar to first-order integer memristor, The input current to the fractional-order simplified Hayden model shown in Fig. 1(b) is the summation of the memristance and capacitor currents as follows:. This memristor model is considered since it has been shown mathematically that this model can generate multiple pinch-off points [29].
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