Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate memory performance in tasks with and without affective content (to confirm the mood congruency phenomenon) in acutely admitted patients with bipolar I disorder (BD) and major depression disorder (MDD) and in healthy participants. Seventy-eight participants (24 BD, 29 MDD, and 25 healthy controls) were evaluated. Three word lists were used as the memory task with affective content (positive, negative and indifferent). Psychiatric symptoms were also evaluated with rating scales (Young Mania Rating Scale for mania and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale for depression). Patients were selected during the first week of hospitalization. BD patients showed higher scores in the word span with positive tone than MDD patients and healthy controls (P = 0.002). No other difference was observed for tests with affective tone. MDD patients presented significantly lower scores in the Mini-Mental State Exam, logical memory test, visual recognition span, and digit span, while BD patients presented lower scores in the visual recognition test and digit span. Mood congruency effect was found for word span with positive tone among BD patients but no similar effect was observed among MDD patients for negative items. MDD patients presented more memory impairment than BD patients, but BD patients also showed memory impairment.
Highlights
Bipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by disturbances in mood ranging from extreme elation to severe depression often accompanied by psychotic features and cognitive changes [1]
The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores were significantly lower among major depression disorder (MDD) patients than among BD patients (27.40 ± 1.67) and healthy controls (28.23 ± 1.82)
Memory tests with affective content In the word span with positive tone, the BD group showed higher scores than the MDD and healthy control groups (Table 2)
Summary
Bipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by disturbances in mood ranging from extreme elation (mania) to severe depression often accompanied by psychotic features and cognitive changes [1]. Bipolar I disorder is characterized by recurrent episodes of mania and depression, while bipolar II disorder is defined as recurrent episodes of depression and hypomania [2]. Bipolar I disorder is prevalent in men and women, whereas many studies have shown that there are more women than men with bipolar II disorder [3]. Prevalence rates have been estimated to be 0.4-1.6% for bipolar I disorder and 0.5-1.9% for bipolar II disorder [2]. Dopaminergic models of BD have been dichotomous and global, with mania considered to be a hyperdopaminergic state throughout the brain and depression the reverse of this state [6]
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