Memory making in critical care: A qualitative thematic synthesis.

Abstract

Caring for bereaved families is an important aspect of the nursing role in critical care. Memory making practices are one way in which dying, death and bereavement can be acknowledged and supported within critical care. Memory making was introduced into the care of stillborn babies and neonatal deaths to improve parents' experiences of bereavement, and has since become common practice in adult critical care. The aim of this qualitative thematic synthesis was to explore families' experiences of memory making in critical care, with a view of gaining greater understanding of the ways in which memory making impacts bereaved families. A systematic search strategy was developed, and five databases were searched (Medline, CINAHL, PsychINFO, Embase and ASSIA). Seven qualitative studies were included: four were conducted in adult and three in paediatric critical care settings in which memory making was initiated between 2014 and 2020. Memory making practices included, patient diaries, general keepsakes, word clouds and photography. The thematic synthesis generated four main themes to describe families' experience of memory making in critical care: 'connection', 'compassion', 'engagement and creation' and 'continuation'. Memory making is a meaningful activity for families whose loved one dies in critical care; it brings focus and meaning during a devastating process in a highly technical environment. Families rely heavily on nursing staff for support and guidance. The creation of memories and/or keepsakes can have a positive impact on the bereavement experience for families and can facilitate a continuing bond with their loved one. Memory making is a worthwhile practice to support and guide family bereavement within critical care. It can provide structure and purpose during an emotionally challenging transition, by supporting families to focus on a meaningful activity during a devasting time.