Memory amelioration by hesperidin conjugated gold nanoparticles in diabetes induced cognitive impaired rats

Abstract

Cognitive deficit or dementia is one of the challenging conditions among silver citizens globally. Many life style disease conditions lead to mild or chronic cognitive deficit which later develops to Alzheimer's disease. Hesperidin is a neuroprotective with low bioavailability. Gold nanoparticles are an ideal delivery system for drug delivery to brain due to low toxicity and biocompatibility. The present research work was designed to formulate hesperidin gold nanoparticles (HSP-AuNPs) to increase its availability and to study its potency and efficacy for memory enhancement in diabetic in-vivo rat model. The synthesis of HSP-AuNPs were achieved by chemical reduction method and characterized by different spectroscopic and microscopic methods. The memory enhancement study included in-vivo study of diabetes induced cognitive impairment model, in vivo, in vitro antioxidant and histopathological studies. The cognitive and memory performances were evaluated by neuropharmacological assessment (Y-maze, elevated plus maze and radial plus maze). Further, in vitro antioxidant study was evaluated by DPPH free radical scavenging activity of HSP-AuNPs and the in vivo antioxidant assessment were performed by estimation of SOD, MDA, CAT and GSH. Both in vitro and in vivo antioxidant studies of HSP–AuNPs showed significant (p < 0.05) antioxidant activity with increased levels of SOD, CAT, GSH and decreased level of MDA as compared to free hesperidin. Histopathological studies of different organs revealed the protective actions of HSP–AuNPs in brain, pancreas and kidney. Therefore, the present study demonstrated the increase in availability of hesperidin in gold nanoparticle formulation in brain with enhanced potency and efficacy in the prevention of cognitive impairment in diabetes induced rat model by antioxidant activity.