Abstract
Actuality and significance of problems of forming social consciousness with its necessary defence component are conditioned by unremitting tension of inter-state relations, transiting into a certain degree of war confrontation. Experience of all wars testifies to the fact that all victories in war hostility are achieved not only by rivalry of military potentials and generals’ skills but also by firmness of spiritual bases and people moral strengths. War history many times has proved patriotic incite and the society unity to be important factors influencing the course and the result of wars. Since the moment of writing invention, oral traditions began to be supplemented by document evidences of war history and invention of book printing not only has widened possibilities of memorable history events’ data circulation but also has transformed the printed word into effective means of information hostility of struggling sides. This article aim is to actualize problems, connected with transformations of war memories, and using book for to preserve it and form a defence component of public consciousness. Historical and book-study analysis of military publishing practice of the XVII–XX centuries proves the tradition of describing war history not only for to study battle experience by military specialists but also for to consolidate the tragedy and lessons of war in public consciousness. Memories of war cannot be similar for winners and losers, and that produces different evaluations of war events and their relevant reflection on pages of fundamental militaryhistorical works and memoirs. Comparison of different memorialists’ viewpoints confirms memory variability, but permits the researchers to approach evaluations that are more objective. To observe the 75-th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945 by carrying out the Year of memory and glory in Russia has become a new impulse for turning to historical memory and research of poorly studied problems. This war experience contains actual lessons of book usage as an important means of forming defence consciousness in the pre-war period and its reconstruction in the years of war.
Highlights
Actuality and significance of problems of forming social consciousness with its necessary defence component are conditioned by unremitting tension of inter-s tate relations, transiting into a certain degree of war confrontation
Experience of all wars testifies to the fact that all victories in war hostility are achieved by rivalry of military potentials and generals’ skills and by firmness of spiritual bases and people moral strengths
Since the moment of writing invention, oral traditions began to be supplemented by document evidences of war history and invention of book printing has widened possibilities of memorable history events’ data circulation and has transformed the printed word into effective means of information hostility of struggling sides
Summary
История ХХ столетия с двумя мировыми войн ами внесла определенные коррективы в общественное восприятие войн ы. Эти две линии порождали две разновидности выпускавшихся после первой мировой войны военных книг: уставы, с примыкающими к ним изданиями инструктивно-нормативного назначения, и военно-исторические сочинения, создающие широкое поле для анализа конкретных событий и фактов прошедшей войны и дающие возможность читателям составить представление о тех событиях, участниками или очевидцами которых они не могли быть. Издательская практика тех лет показывает, что, в то время как военные профессионалы и историки изучали опыт сражений мировой войн ы, массовое общественное сознание являлось объектом целенаправленного воздействия в русле подготовки к новым войнам. В идеологии и военной политике молодого советского государства память о первой мировой войне и общественное сознание формировались на полярно иных принципах, суть которых сводилась к развенчанию империалистического характера войны и необходимости постоянной готовности первого в мире социалистического государства к отражению агрессии. Если до середины 1930-х гг. тон в изучении классической военной истории задавали в основном бывшие офицеры русской армии, участвовавшие в мировой войне и перешедшие на службу в Красную армию, то после массовых репрессий командного состава в 1937–1938 гг. их военно-исторические труды были изъяты из военных библиотек, и основной военно-исторической темой в литературе стала двадцатилетняя история Красной армии
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