Abstract

Mining is an economically-beneficial activity recognized as crucial in modern society since almost every aspect of our lives relies on minerals. However, intensive mining activities impose a severe strain on the water-energy nexus. In fact, mining ventures: i) need massive amount of water in various ore processing steps; ii) generate a huge amount of waste (tailings), generally transferred to tailing ponds or dams, that are a potential source of contamination and adverse ecological effects; iii) are energy-intensive practices in the extraction and transformation phases. These aspects confirm the urgent need of a paradigm shift towards a sustainable mining industry.

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