Abstract
In the face of water shortages, the world seeks to explore all available options in reducing the over exploitation of limited freshwater resources. One of the surest available water resources is wastewater. As the population grows, industrial, agricultural, and domestic activities increase accordingly in order to cater for the voluminous needs of man. These activities produce large volumes of wastewater from which water can be reclaimed to serve many purposes. Over the years, conventional wastewater treatment processes have succeeded to some extent in treating effluents for discharge purposes. However, improvements in wastewater treatment processes are necessary in order to make treated wastewater re-usable for industrial, agricultural, and domestic purposes. Membrane technology has emerged as a favorite choice for reclaiming water from different wastewater streams for re-use. This review looks at the trending membrane technologies in wastewater treatment, their advantages and disadvantages. It also discusses membrane fouling, membrane cleaning, and membrane modules. Finally, recommendations for future research pertaining to the application of membrane technology in wastewater treatment are made.
Highlights
All activities of mankind are water dependent
Recommendations for future research pertaining to the application of membrane technology in wastewater treatment are made
The results showed that this technology has prospects in the treatment of brackish ground water or wastewater for
Summary
All activities of mankind are water dependent. Freshwater resources, do not get replenished to accommodate the ever-increasing population and its water usage needs. This has led to intense competition and unfair distribution of the limited freshwater resources among the various sectors. Many people around the world, especially in developing countries, lack access to potable water. Agricultural activities are heavily affected, as farms lack access to enough water resources for all year-round irrigation and livestock production. The evidence of these situations is seen across the world, especially in the Middle
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