Abstract
The growth in demand for freshwater is partially satisfied by desalination plants that increasingly use membrane technologies and, among them, reverse osmosis (RO), to produce purified water. Seawater desalination offers a seemingly unlimited, steady supply of high-quality water, without impairing natural freshwater ecosystems. The desalination of brackish groundwater provides another option towards increasing water supplies for inland regions. RO is a membrane technology widely applied in water desalination, the production of potable water, and more recently in tertiary wastewater treatment. There are some seawater RO (SWRO) plants coupled with renewable energies on the Canary Islands (photovoltaic and wind), and islands of Croatia and Norway (wind energy); there are also similar projects in Jordan, the Egyptian desert, Australia, and Saudi Arabia among others. Research on sustainable treatments applicable to RO concentrates has continually grown in recent years. Several review articles about traditional and emerging technologies for RO concentrates have been published recently.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
