Abstract
Research on the coupling of membrane separation (MS) and electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) has been a hot area in water pollution control for decades. This coupling aims to greatly improve water quality and focuses on the challenges in practical application to provide a promising solution to water shortage problems. This article provides a summary of the coupling configurations of MS and EAOPs, including two-stage and one-pot processes. The two-stage process is a combination of MS and EAOPs where one process acts as a pretreatment for the other. Membrane fouling is reduced when setting EAOPs before MS, while mass transfer is promoted when placing EAOPs after MS. A one-pot process is a kind of integration of two technologies. The anode or cathode of the EAOPs is fabricated from porous materials to function as a membrane electrode; thus, pollutants are concurrently separated and degraded. The advantages of enhanced mass transfer and the enlarged electroactive area suggest that this process has excellent performance at a low current input, leading to much lower energy consumption. The reported conclusions illustrate that the coupling of MS and EAOPs is highly applicable and may be widely employed in wastewater treatment in the future.
Highlights
Nowadays, membrane separation (MS) and electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) are important technologies in water treatment due to their high removal efficiency, environmental friendliness, easy automation, and low land occupation [1,2,3,4]
When EAOPs are applied after MS, the aim is to deeply treat the membrane concentrate to meet the discharge standard or treat permeate water to further improve the quality for reuse [1]
A boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode was used as the anode in the electrochemical treatment, process considerably reduced the organic load in the effluent, while a large part of total dissolved solids (TDS) removal was followed by reverse osmosis (RO) and NF membranes, which were used in the concentration step
Summary
Membrane separation (MS) and electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) are important technologies in water treatment due to their high removal efficiency, environmental friendliness, easy automation, and low land occupation [1,2,3,4]. Likewise, setting EAOPs after MS is commonly used for the treatment of membrane concentrate to weaken the mass transfer limitation of EAOPs. Notably, coupling MS and EAOPs as an integrated technology can further magnify each of their advantages, acquiring both the favorable mass transfer efficiency of EAOPs and antifouling function of MS, which gives great potential in the field of water pollution control. The present review summarizes recent developments in coupling technology for MS and EAOPs. This paper discusses the combination of MS and EAOPs as a two-stage process (MS -EAOPs or EAOPs-MS) with a focus on the interaction between them and treatment performance. This paper elaborates the use of MS and EAOPs in a one-pot process by dividing them into two categories, electrochemical anodic membranes (EAMs) and electrochemical cathodic membranes (ECMs), with a discussion of their development histories, advantages, and energy consumption. Some application examples of both two-stage processes and one-pot processes are presented to gain deep insight into their prospects for water treatment in the future
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