Abstract
A theory for bi-ionic potential, especially for bi-co-ionic potential, which is a potential difference across a membrane due to the difference in co-ions, is proposed. A high water content interpolymer membrane of poly(ethyleneimine) and poly(vinyl alcohol) was prepared as a low-charged anion-exchange membrane. The potential difference Δψ for the system of KCl/membrane/1/2MgCl2 or 1/2CaCl2 was measured by changing the external electrolyte concentrations cs and analyzed according to the theory. The bi-co-ionic potential Δψ increased with increasing cs at low concentrations, and after the potential Δψ reached a maximum value, the potential Δψ decreased with increasing cs at high concentrations; that is, a bell-shaped dependence of Δψ was observed against cs. This is because the low mobility of co-ions with charge number +2 in the charged membranes increases with increasing cs and finally reaches the mobility in the free electrolyte solutions.
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