Abstract
It was found that membrane flexibility can change the soil behavior and pore pressure characteristics far more than may be caused by, e.g., the flexibility of the pore pressure measuring system. Expressions were developed for the pore pressure parameters, B and A, which include the effects of flexibilities of membrane and pore pressure measuring system. Measured and calculated B-values agreed well for saturated specimens in which membrane penetration could occur. The effects of time and partial saturation on the measured B-values were also studied. The effect of membrane penetration in undrained tests was to reduce the rate of change in pore pressure; and the effective stress-path, stress-strain relations, and undrained strength were modified accordingly. The strengths obtained from cyclic loading tests performed on saturated specimens of granular materials for determination of liquefaction potential were also shown to be affected by membrane penetration.
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