Abstract
The structure and organization of cellular membranes have received intense interest, particularly in investigations of the raft hypothesis. The vast majority of these investigations have focused on the plasma membrane of mammalian cells, yielding significant progress in understanding membrane heterogeneity in terms of lipid composition, molecular structure, dynamic regulation, and functional relevance. In contrast, investigations on lipid organization in other membrane systems have been comparatively scarce, despite the likely relevance of membrane domains in these contexts. In this review, we summarize recent observations on lipid organization in organellar membranes, including endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, endo-lysosomes, lipid droplets, and secreted membranes like lung surfactant, milk fat globule membranes, and viral membranes. Across these non-plasma membrane systems, it seems that the biophysical principles underlying lipid self-organization contribute to lateral domains.
Highlights
The exquisite complexity and capability of biology are enabled largely by physical and/or biochemical compartmentalization
We summarize observations of lipid domains found in non-plasma membrane (PM) membranes, including subcellular organelles [endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi, endosomes, lysosomes, and lipid droplets (LDs)] and noncellular structures [milk fat and lung surfactant (LS)] (Figure 1)
Mammalian milk is rich in lipids packaged in the form of fat globules surrounded by a milk fat globule membrane (MFGM)
Summary
Reviewed by: Iztok Urbancic, Institut “Jožef Stefan” (IJS), Slovenia Leonel Malacrida, Universidad de la República, Uruguay Erwin London, Stony Brook University, United States. The vast majority of these investigations have focused on the plasma membrane of mammalian cells, yielding significant progress in understanding membrane heterogeneity in terms of lipid composition, molecular structure, dynamic regulation, and functional relevance. Investigations on lipid organization in other membrane systems have been comparatively scarce, despite the likely relevance of membrane domains in these contexts. We summarize recent observations on lipid organization in organellar membranes, including endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, endo-lysosomes, lipid droplets, and secreted membranes like lung surfactant, milk fat globule membranes, and viral membranes. Across these non-plasma membrane systems, it seems that the biophysical principles underlying lipid self-organization contribute to lateral domains
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